SOME IMPORTANT GARMENT WASHING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS.

1. DEFINITION OF GARMENT WASHING.

The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing. Depending on garments construction different type of washing process can be done-

Ø Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy- Normal Wash, Pigment Wash, Caustic Wash, Si Wash.

Ø Denim/Jeans/Gabardine- Enzyme Wash, Stone Wash, Bleach Wash, Acid Wash.

Ø Grey Fabric- Super White Wash.

2. 2. wRITE THE PURPOSE OF WASHING.

Ø Garment washing is the best touch of a garment.

Ø Same type of garments can produce several effects for several wash Like this:

Ø To create wash look appearance, seems the new touch of fashion.

Ø By the washing technique, faded/old, color or tinted affect.

Ø Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p spoonzing etc.

Ø To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels.

Ø To attraction the customers/buyer by different types of fashionable washing and market development.

Ø Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further shrinkage of the wash garments.

Ø Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due to washing.

3. WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRY PROCESSING.

Ø Hand scrapping > 3D whiskering > Broken > Tagging > Wrinkle (Permanent & Overall) > Grinding (Hem, Pocket, Collar, Cuff) > Destroy > PP spray & PP sponging.

4. WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WET PROCESSING.

Ø Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash > Pigment wash > Caustic wash > Enzyme wash > Stone wash > Stone enzyme wash > Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing (Dip Dyeing) > Super white wash > Bleach wash > Acid wash > Silicon wash.

5. WRITE THE MACHINE NAMES WHICH ARE USED IN WASHING PLANT.

Ø Sample washing machine (Horizontal/Vertical).

Ø Washing Machine.

Ø Hydro extractor machine.

Ø Dryer Machine.

Ø Chemical Mixture Machine.

Ø Industrial Oven.

Ø Boiler.

Ø Submersible Pump.

Ø Grinding Machine.

Ø Tagging Machine.

Ø Steam Chamber for Crinkle.

Ø E.T.P (Effluent Treatment Plant).

Ø Generator.

Ø Sand Blasting gun.

Ø Sand Blasting Chamber.

Ø Spray gun and Dummy.

Ø Screw Compressor.

6. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF SILICON WASH?

Ø To give durable softness and elastic handle properties.

Ø To increase anti pilling affects, dimensional stability and tear resistance.

Ø To improve wear and easy care properties.

7. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN NORMAL WASH AND SILICON WASH.

Normal wash

Silicon wash

To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.

To give durable softness and elastic handle properties.

To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics.

To increase anti pilling affects and dimensional stability.

For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.

To increase tear resistance property.

To achieve buyer washing standard.

To improve wear and easy care properties.

8. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR ENZYME WASH.

Ø Desizing agent > Detergent > Anti back staining agent > Acetic acid > Cationic softener > Chlorine bleach > Soda ash > Sodium hypo Sulfite > Sodium bi carbonate > Silicon.

9. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR SOFTNESS OF GARMENTS.

Ø Cationic softener > Silicon > Enzyme.

10. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR GOOD QUALITY HAND FEEL.

Ø Cationic softener > Silicon > Enzyme.

11. WHAT CHEMICAL USE IS FOR PROTECT STAINING/BLEEDING ON GARMENTS.

Ø Anti-back staining agent.

12. WHAT PROCESS IS DOING FOR REMOVE STARCH/SIZING MATERIALS FROM THE GARMENTS?

Ø Desizing process.

13. WHY ACETIC ACID IS USED IN ENZYME BATH?

Ø Acetic acid is used in enzyme bath to neutralize the garments from alkaline condition and to control the ph value of the bath.

Ø Then acid enzyme is given in enzyme wash.

14. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN STEAM DRYER & GAS DRYER.

Steam dryer

Gas dryer

Low production rate.

High production rate.

Generally light garments, white coloured garments are dried.

Generally heavy garments are used for dry.

No risk of yellowish formation

May be form yellowish effect on the garments.

15. WHY CHLORINE BLEACH IS USE IN DENIM WET PROCESSING?

Ø Chlorine bleach is use in denim wet processing for the better bleach action on garments. Because we know that chlorine has strong bleaching power. So that it can easily create bleaching effect on garments.

16. WHAT CHEMICALS IS USE FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF CHLORINE BLEACH?

Ø Sodium hypo sulfite (Na₂S₂O₂).

17. WRITE THE MAIN 5 FUNCTIONS OF ENZYME WASH.

Ø Develop ‘’Bio-polishing’’ affect on denim in echo-friendly way.

Ø Enzyme improves the ‘’Anti-pilling’’ properties.

Ø It attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives a very smooth surface.

Ø It increases the color fastness and rubbing fastness properties.

Ø Achieve high-low abrasion to produce fading effect in sewing area.

18. WHAT IS THE ACTION OF ENZYME ON GARMENTS?

Ø It just hydrolysis the cellulose, first it attacks the projecting fiber then the yarn portion inside fabric and faded affect is produced.

Ø It reduces GSM of the garment.

Ø It produces buyer loving soft feel in use.

19. WHAT TYPES OF ENZYME USED IN BANGLADESH?

Ø Acid and neutral Enzymes Acid and neutral Enzymes.

20. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN ACID ENZYME & NEUTRAL ENZYME.

Acid enzyme	Neutral enzyme
1) Acid enzyme colour is slightly brown.	1) Neutral enzyme is slightly white powder form.
2) ph =( 4.5 to 5.5)	2) ph= ( 6 to 7)
3) Temperature: (40-55)⁰ C	3) Temperature: (40-60)⁰C
4) Time: 25-50 min.	4) Time: 40-70 min.
5) More staining.	5) Less staining.

21. HOW CAN CONTROL THE PH VALUE IN GARMENTS?

Ø If garments in alkali media then we apply acid to control ph.

Ø If any garments in acetic media then we apply alkali to control ph.

Ø By using Buffer solution.

22. WHAT TYPES OF ENZYME SUITABLE FOR DARK SHADE ENZYME WASH OF DENIM LONG PANT & WHY?

Ø Neutral enzyme is used for Dark shade enzyme wash because it comes fading effect slowly.

23.WHAT TYPE OF ENZYME SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM/LIGHT SHADE ENZYME WASH OF DENIM SKIRT?

Ø Acid enzyme is used for medium /light shade Enzyme wash of denim skirt because it comes enzyme effect quickly than neutral enzyme.

24.WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WASHING FAULTS.

Ø Color shade variation.

Ø Crease Marks.

Ø After wash hole.

Ø Very dark & very light.

Ø Bleach Spot.

Ø Bottom hem & course edge destroy.

Ø Running shading.

Ø Over blasting / low Blasting.

Ø Over grinding / low grinding.

Ø Bad smell due to poor neutralization.

Ø Poor hand feel

Ø To high hairiness.

Ø Poor brightness.

Ø High or low affect / abrasion on garments.

Ø Spot on garments.

Ø Out of range / level of ph value of garments.

25. WRITE MAIN PROCESS OF STONE ENZYME WASH FOR DENIM LONG PANT.

Ø Desizing > Wash 2 Times water > Enzyme > Wash 1 Time > ID Echo > Wash 1 Time > Send to PP > PP Neutral > ash 2 times > Bleach > Wash 1 time > Bleach Neutral > Wash 1 Time > Caustic > Ph control + Softener.

26. WRITE THE FUNCTION OF BELOW-

Ø ANTISTAIN: To protect the garment from staining , bleeding..

Ø DETERGENT: To remove dust, dirt and other impurities from the garments.

Ø POTASSIUM PER MANGANATE: After desizing it is sprayed in garments area. It helps for color. out from garment during Enzyme wash.

Ø MICRO EMULSION SOFTENER: To soft the garment and get better hand feel.

Ø HYDROGEN PER OXIDE: Enhances bleach to produce light shade.

Ø OPTICAL BRIGHTENER: For more whitening grey fabrics.

Ø DESIZING AGENT: Removes the sizing material from the garment.

27. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT PUMIC STONE?

Ø When the impurities amount will be 10% of a pumic stone its density increases to 1 gm/cm^3. Then the stone will not float.

Ø Alternative of pumic stone: SYNTHETIC STONE.

Ø Stone wt. /fabric wt. = 0.5 to 3 /1

Ø Dia.of stone-1-7 cm

Ø Moisture content-less than 5%

Ø Surface properties-less than 5% fines.

Ø Apparent Density-0.5-0.75gm/cm3

Ø Abrasion loss-35%

Ø Large, hard stones last longer and may be suited for heavy weight fabrics only.

Ø Smaller, softer stones would be used for light weight fabrics and more delicate items.

28. WRITE THE APP. ENZYME & SILICON WASH CHARGE FOR TWILL MEN’S & BOY’S TROUSER SEPARATELY.

Ø Twill men’s for Enzyme u$ 2.5-3.00 / Doz. For boys trouser U$ (2.00-2.50)/Doz.

Ø For silicon wash twill men’s u$2.00-2.50/Doz and For boys trouser U$(1.50-2.00)/Doz.

29. DESCRIBE THE RISK/PROBLEM OF GAS DRYER.

Ø The temp of gas dryer can be increased suddenly and it also makes flame. So there have high risk to get damage of garments.

Ø If the temp of gas dryer is higher, then garments will also be destroyed or loss of strength.

Ø Sometime occurs yellowish effect on fabrics so avoided during white coloured garments drying.

30. IF INNER DRUM R.P.M OF WASHING M/C AND DRYER M/C IS TOO HIGH, WHAT TYPES OF EFFECT ON GARMENTS?

If inner drum r.p.m of washing machine is high then the garments attached with inner drum and with one another and their rotation be increase. As a result the garments become more compact and that’s why the chemical solution for washing machine and temp for dryer machine cannot work properly towards the garments.

31. WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF STONE ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT.

Ø Desizing > Hot wash > Enzyme wash > Bleaching > Neutral wash > Soft wash > Hydro extractor Machine > Drying > Delivery.

32. WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM (DARK) ENZYME WASH PROCESS.

Ø Desizing > Enzyme > Softening > Hydro extractor Machine > Drying > Delivery.

33. WRITE THE FLOW CHART OF (MEDIUM) ENZYME WASH OF DENIM READYMADE GARMENTS.

Step 1: Desizing > Step 2: Enzyme wash > Step 3: Bleaching > Step 4: Neutralizing > Step 5: Softening > Step 6: Hydro Extractor > Step 7: Gas Dryer > Step 8: Delivery.

34.WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAME OF ACID WASH PROCESS.

Ø Desizing agent > Detergent > Potassium per manganate > Phosphoric acid > Meta bi sulfite > Acetic acid > Softener.

35. WRITE THE PRECAUTION OF ACID WASH.

Ø Maintain the stock solution properly constant when comes socking the stone.

Ø No water licks age in to the machine when treated pumic stone & garments in to the machine.

Ø Not excess load the garments in the Acid wash processing.

Ø Add some new stone after finishing on batch to maintain the volume for 2nd batch. It is a matter of experience.

36. WHAT TYPE OF DYES USED FOR TINTING OF READY MADE GARMENTS?

Ø Reactive Dye, Direct dye.

37. GENERALLY WHICH COLOR IS USED FOR TINTING?

Ø Orange (bright color), Yellow or Blue. Similar shade given colours.

38. WRITE THE MAIN TINTING PROCESS (DYEING) BY DIRECT DYES.

Step 1: Desizing: Batch size: 60pcs > Step 2: Enzyme wash > Step 3: Bleaching > Step 4: Neutral wash > Step 5: Tinting > Step 6: Drying.

39. WRITE THE MAIN TINTING PROCESS (DYEING) BY REACTIVE DYES.

Step 1: Desizing: Batch size: 60pcs > Step 2: Enzyme wash > Step 3: Bleaching > Step 4: Neutral wash > Step 5: Tinting > Step 6: Drying

40. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PP SPRAY?

Ø By spray gun potassium permanganate is sprayed on garments surface.

Ø Chemical composition: 10g kmno4 in 1 litre solⁿ with 1% lubricant.

Ø After desizing pp is done then neutralized by oxalic acid.

Ø Very much body hazard.

Ø High production rate.

41.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PP SPONGING?

Ø Buyer recommended PP Sponging avoiding pp spray.

Ø But manufacturer ignored it because PP sponging has low production

Ø Manually by sponge potassium permanganate is get touched with garments before main enzyme wash and after Desizing and hot wash.

42.WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PP SPRAY?

Ø To import smoggy faded effect in garments.

43.WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PP SPONGING?

Ø To import fading effect in specific areas (Thigh, Bum, Knee) of garments as buyer recommended.

44. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WHISKERING?

Ø It is known as CAT’s whisker, Moustache, Honeycomb.

Ø It’s another form that shows a worn effect but fashionable garments.

Steps of Whiskering:

Plot the design (buyer) on a tracing paper.
Transfer the design on ply wood.
Place the rubber sheet on ply wood as the design on ply wood.
Attach rubber with wood by gum to make the pattern.
Enter the pattern in front opening of pant.
Rub by emery paper (300,400,500) ppm

45. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TAGGING?

Ø Tag the garments (before washing) import fashionable effect after washing.

Ø In high temperature process tag is done by knotting, high effect occur.

Ø In low temperature process tag is done by tag gun, less effect occur.

46. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GRINDING?

Ø By grinding machine totally damaged the edge of pocket, hem.

47.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DESTROY?

Ø By destroy gun a little portion (small line/circle/shape) is damaged.

Ø After destroy ton can only see the weft (white) yarn portin.

Ø Very much experienced labour are required.

48.WHAT TYPES OF FABRICS ARE SUITABLE FOR PERMANENT CRINKLE?

Ø Dense woven fabrics normally (twill like DENIM, plain like BABY FROK)

Ø Single jersey (rare case).

49.WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAME FOR PERMANENT CRINKLE ON THE GARMENT.

Ø Stock solutions for Resin solution is 300g resin in 700L water.

Ø Wetting agent : 0.5% owf

Ø Resin : 6-10% owf

Ø Softener : 3-5% owf

Ø Water : 60-80 liters

50.WHAT IS THE STANDARD TEMPERATURE FOR PERMANENT CRINKLE ON THE OVEN?

Ø 160 ⁰C(std.) / 40 to 60 ⁰C (usual in HAMS).

51.WHAT IS THE STANDARD TIME IS REQUIRED FOR PERMANENT WRINKLE IN THE OVEN?

Ø 15 min (std.) /30 min (usual in HAMS).

Oven

Steam Chamber.

Crinkling.

52.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY OVERALL CRINKLE?

Which type of crinkle is created through the hole garments but not permanently placed, that is called overall crinkle. Basis on area of crinkle the overall crinkle is determined. Overall crinkle is done in.

53.WHAT TYPES OF DYES ARE USED FOR 100% COTTON READYMADE GARMENTS?

Ø Vat dye(high cost, excellent fastness).

Ø Reactive dye(less cost. Good fastness).

Ø Indigo dye (better rubbing fastness).

Ø Disperse dye.

Ø Sulphur dye.

54.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY READY FOR DYEING GARMENTS?

Ø RDG means which garments already Desized, Scoured, Bleached.

Ø Its colour is white. It is clean and ready to treat with dye.

55.WRITE THE MAIN/FIRST STEP OF READY FOR DYEING PROCESS.

Ø Good pretreatment (DESIZING).

56.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPER WHITE PROCESS?

Which washing process creates white garments made of cotton grey fabrics is called super white process, it just severely washed out the colour of garments by extreme bleach action then brightening the garments.

57.WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAMES WHICH ARE USED FOR SUPER WHITE PROCESS.

Ø Detergent > Caustic soda(COLD) > Soda ash > Hydrogen per oxide > Stabilizer > Acetic acid > Optical brightener agent.

58.WRITE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SAND BLASTING AND HANDS SCRAPING.

Sand Blasting	Hands Scraping
1) It is a mechanical process.	1) It is a semi-mechanical process.
2) Sand get friction with garments by gun	2) Friction is occurred by emery paper.
3) Effect sprayed into whole texture.	3) Effect occurs at surface of garments.
4) High production.	4) Less production.
5) Body hazard (silicosis).	5) Buyer recommended process.
6) Less yarn character.	6) More yarn texture.

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